Monthly Archives: January 2007

Brain Wires and Bad Science

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Filed under Sci/Tech

Dear Lucy,

Cast your mind back, cast it right back. You may remember that once, in conversation a long time ago, I uttered the phrase that a brain is “wired” in certain ways. Upon verbalising this phrase I was lambasted in a way that can only be described as ‘verbal rape’. This condemnation has continued to the present day whenever the topic of the brain comes up in our discussions.

Today however, I may be getting the last word on this topic.

Time Magazine – quite the prestigious newsmagazine and resource, you must agree – has approved my comment. Here are some quotes from the recent article entitled How the Brain Rewires Itself:

For decades, the prevailing dogma in neuroscience was that the adult human brain is essentially immutable, hardwired, fixed in form and function, so that by the time we reach adulthood we are pretty much stuck with what we have.

The doctrine of the unchanging human brain has had profound ramifications. For one thing, it lowered expectations about the value of rehabilitation for adults who had suffered brain damage from a stroke or about the possibility of fixing the pathological wiring that underlies psychiatric diseases.

But research in the past few years has overthrown the dogma. In its place has come the realization that the adult brain retains impressive powers of “neuroplasticity” - the ability to change its structure and function in response to experience. These aren’t minor tweaks either. Something as basic as the function of the visual or auditory cortex can change as a result of a person’s experience of becoming deaf or blind at a young age. Even when the brain suffers a trauma late in life, it can rezone itself like a city in a frenzy of urban renewal. If a stroke knocks out, say, the neighbourhood of motor cortex that moves the right arm, a new technique called constraint-induced movement therapy can coax next-door regions to take over the function of the damaged area. The brain can be rewired.

Of course, this may not be news to you considering your past research experience, but what I thought may interest you is how often they are saying that a brain is “wired”. I’m not arguing that because Time says so, it is correct. What I am saying however, is that what I said is not worthy of the lambasting that I received… the phrase used is an acceptable layman’s term. Am I a layman? Of course I am… I did a degree in Computer Science, not Neuro-Psychology! That’s a ‘hard science’, not one of these ‘fuzzy soft-pseudo-sciences’ that you are so drawn to*.

Regards,
Lloyd


*Note: I am not a science despot and by no means consider any psychological or sociological studies a ’soft-science’. This is simply an ‘in-joke’ that is written to stir angry feelings in the recipient. Please don’t hurt me. 

You may also be interested in some of the articles that the above links to, especially this one by Steven Pinker (of Blank Slate, ‘fame’): The Mystery of Consciousness

For those who prefer laughing at others rather than reading petty squabbles, direct your mince pies here: Cliff Arnall is depressing. The first three links are worthy of a read; especially Ben Goldacre’s ‘Bad Science’ retort (more Bad Science available on my Blogroll). I’m embarrassed to admit that this ‘psychologist’ was from Cardiff University.

Originally found at Mind Hacks: Feeling the connection.

Rustic (Sweet) Potato and Leek Soup

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Filed under Food

It seems the theme for this weekend is ‘food‘. After my earlier Tesco-related post I’ve decided to give a quick hashed-up recipe for my rustic sweet potato and leek soup. I made this earlier today and it tasted great - a welcome lunch when we’re having temperatures hovering around the 0-5°C mark. Plus, who better to make leek soup than a Welshman, right? It is our national symbol, after all!

Ingredients (per person) (Photo 1)

  • One large leek
  • One small (or 1/2 large) onion
  • One small sweet potato (can use normal potatoes, obviously)
  • One cup (250ml - just under half a pint) vegetable stock
  • Olive Oil
  • Salt and pepper (and spice if required) for seasoning

Prepare the leek. Remove the outermost layer and cut off the majority of the green leaves, leaving just a hint of green on the main leek body. Retain the leaves for the stock and wash them thoroughly along with the main leek body.
Slice the leek. (Photo 2)

Slice the onion. (Photo 3)

Fry the onion and leek on a low heat along with a tablespoon or two of Olive Oil, a pinch of salt and a lot of pepper. Do not let any of it burn as it will totally destroy the flavour. (Photo 4)

Dice the sweet potato into small pieces and boil for 10 minutes on a medium-high heat. Don’t worry about it going soft and mushy; this is fine. In fact, it’s desired… soft, but still retaining its shape. As a guide, I used half the potato you can see in the first photo. (Photo 5)

Prepare your vegetable stock. (Photo 6)

After 10 minutes or so your leek and onion should be soft and the sweet potato should be boiled well. Drain the sweet potato and add to the leek and onion. Stir well, adding more seasoning if required (I usually add a bit of extra pepper).

Add the stock to the pan containing the onion, leek and sweet potato, and stir. You may optionally add the retained leek leaves to add flavour, but do not stir them in. (Photo 7)

Cover and simmer for 20 minutes on a low heat.

Enjoy, with bread (some people add an optional spice/herb or add some extra pepper before eating. I had some chilli ready but decided against it). (Photo 8)


Tesco: Friend or Foe?

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Filed under Food, Money, Politics

By spending a few pennies more in Tesco when I last went food shopping there I picked up this pack of Cherry Tomatoes:

Tesco's Cherry Tomatoes

Why am I telling you this? For 8 pence less I could have bought the regular pack that had, maybe, 5 more tomatoes in. These cheaper tomatoes were a less vibrant red and were obviously not as juicy. That wasn’t why.

The reason was a simple one: this packet was produced from completely biodegradable and compostable organic materials. The paper label with the barcode and nutritional information, the biodegradable polymer wrap and the container itself all would degrade on your household compost heap. As they are made from organic materials too, that means that there would be no net gain in emissions when the gases created during decomposition are released.

I then read the following; an excerpt from the front page of the Financial Times:

Tesco will become the world’s first supermarket chain to assign a “carbon label” to every product on its shelves. The UK’s biggest chain said it would make the labels by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the production, transportation and consumption of the 70,000 products it sells. “The market is ready… We have to make sustainability a significant, mainstream driver of consumption,” Sir Terry Leahy, chief executive, said last night.

Coming from a company that takes £1 of every £8 spent in the whole UK retail sector, this is promising news. Or so you would think. As the Guardian puts it:

The company sells more DVDs than HMV, more shampoo than Boots, and its £4 jeans outsell Levis, Wrangler and Gap put together.

These are the figures Tesco wants us to remember, but there are other, less palatable statistics. For every £1 spent on bananas at Tesco, for instance, only 1p goes back to the plantation growers in developing countries - far less than they need to feed their families. Indeed, the company makes a profit of £1m per week purely from the sale of bananas - enough to employ 30,000 plantation workers full-time and pay them a proper wage.

Indeed, the globalisation of food production - buying it from the cheapest source rather than the closest - has been taken to ridiculous extremes. In a typical year, 126m litres of milk are imported into Britain while 270m are exported.

It continues this furore into the classic ‘food miles’ argument quoting statistics from the lobbying group Sustain. They estimate that the average UK Sunday lunch travels 26,234 miles.

It also states the statistic that an average of one sixth of the money spent in Tesco goes on packaging. In fact, “only 26 per cent of the cost is accounted for by food; the rest is packaging, processing, transport, store overheads, advertising and the mark-up”.

It’s a good start Tesco, but there’s still a hell of a lot more that you need to do.

FT: Tesco to ‘carbon label’ its products | Guardian: Why supermarkets are getting bigger and bigger